Umugozi wa RF, nkurwego rwingenzi rwo kohereza ibimenyetso byihuta -, bigira uruhare rudasubirwaho mu itumanaho, mu kirere, mu kirere, no gupima no gupima. Ibiranga tekinike bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye, sisitemu yizewe, no guhuza nibikorwa bya injeniyeri. Iyi ngingo isobanura kuri gahunda yibanze ya tekinike ya kabili ya RF uhereye kumikorere y'amashanyarazi, imiterere yubukanishi, guhuza ibidukikije, hamwe nibisanzwe bikoreshwa.
I. Imikorere myiza yamashanyarazi: Igihombo gito kandi gihamye
Ubuhanga bwibanze bwa tekinike ya kabili ya RF nuburyo bwogukwirakwiza ibimenyetso kuri radiyo nyinshi. Igihombo gito nimwe mubyiza byabo byingenzi. Mugutezimbere ibikoresho byumuyoboro (nka ogisijeni - umuringa wubusa cyangwa ifeza - umuringa usizwe), kubika (nka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cyangwa polyethylene ikomeye), hamwe nuburyo bwo gukingira imiterere, uburyo bwo kwanduza ibimenyetso bya - inshuro nyinshi (mubisanzwe kuva kuri 1 MHz kugeza kuri magana ya GHz). Kurugero, igice - insinga zikomeye za coaxial zirashobora kugera ku gihombo kiri munsi ya 0.5 dB / metero mugice cya 18 GHz.
Guhuza ibiranga guhuza ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi, hamwe nagaciro gasanzwe harimo 50Ω (ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi na sisitemu yikizamini) na 75Ω (bisanzwe mubiganiro na tereviziyo). Kwihanganira gukumirwa (urugero, ± 1%) birinda neza ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kandi byemeza kohereza amashanyarazi neza. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, gukingira imbaraga bigerwaho hifashishijwe inshundura nyinshi - (urugero nk'umuringa wacuzwe cyangwa umuringa wa feza) cyangwa ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu foil, hamwe no gukingira ingero zirenga -90dB, guhagarika neza interineti ya electronique (EMI) no kumeneka kwa RF.
II. Uburyo bwa tekinike: Kuringaniza guhinduka no kuramba
Igishushanyo mbonera cyinsinga za RF kigomba kuringaniza ibisabwa byo kohereza ibimenyetso hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyiriraho. Ukurikije ibisabwa byoroha, birashobora gushyirwa mubice nka kimwe cya kabiri - insinga zikomeye (ukoresheje umuyoboro ukomeye wumuringa wumuringa wo hanze ukomeza geometrie ihamye nyuma yo kunama), insinga zoroshye - (ukoresheje umuyoboro winyuma usobekeranye hamwe ninsinga nyinshi zumuringa kugirango ugere ku kugonda)
Guhitamo uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye. Kurugero, PTFE, hamwe na dielectric nkeya cyane (hafi 2.1) hamwe nubushyuhe buhamye (-55 kugeza kuri +260 dogere), irakwiriye gukoreshwa mubidukikije bikabije. Ku rundi ruhande, polyethylene yagutse, igabanya ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso mu kugabanya ubucucike bwa dielectric mu gihe ikomeza ibiro bike. Ibikoresho byo hanze (nka polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (TPU), cyangwa fluoropolymers) birarinda kandi gukingirwa, amavuta, cyangwa ikirere.
III. Igishushanyo mbonera cyoguhuza ibidukikije
Inganda n’igisirikare - insinga za RF zigomba guhangana n’ibibazo bitoroshye by’ibidukikije. Ubushyuhe bugerwaho muguhitamo hejuru - ubushyuhe - ibikoresho byokwirinda (nka FEP cyangwa ceramic - byuzuye PTFE). Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gukomeza imikorere kuva dogere - 70 kugeza kuri +400. Kurwanya ubuhehere no kwangirika bishingiye ku miterere yo gufunga ibyatsi (nka feza ya aluminiyumu isudira + ifata ibishishwa bishyushye) cyangwa ibishishwa bidasanzwe (nka polyimide) kugira ngo birinde kwangirika no kwangirika.
Kurinda ubukana bwa mashini, insinga zintwaro zongera imbaraga zo kwikomeretsa no gukomera hamwe hiyongereyeho icyuma kidafite ingese cyangwa icyuma kizunguruka, bigatuma gikoreshwa mubutaka cyangwa kuri -. Byongeye kandi, - umwotsi wa zero - halogen (LSZH) ibikoresho byo gukata byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa n’umutekano w’umuriro wa gari ya moshi n’ibisabwa mu nyanja.
IV. Bisanzwe Porogaramu no Guhitamo Ingingo z'ingenzi
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki biranga insinga za RFI byerekana intego zabo zikoreshwa:
Sitasiyo y'itumanaho hamwe na sisitemu ya radar: Semi - insinga zikomeye zifite igihombo gito kandi zifite ingufu nyinshi (nkurukurikirane rwa LMR) zihitamo kwemeza itumanaho rya milimetero - (nkumurongo wa 28 GHz 5G).
Laboratoire no gupima no gupima: Intsinga - insinga zoroshye (nka RG-316) zikoreshwa muguhindura ibikoresho nkibisesengura imiyoboro ya vector (VNAs) kubera igisubizo gihamye.
Icyogajuru hamwe nikirere: Ultra - insinga zoroheje (nka micro - imiterere ya coaxial) ihujwe nimirasire - ibikoresho birwanya ibidukikije byujuje ibisabwa mubidukikije bikabije.
Mugihe uhitamo umugozi, suzuma intera yumurongo, ubushobozi bwimbaraga, kugoreka radiyo, hamwe nimbogamizi. Kurugero, murwego rwo hejuru - porogaramu zisaba kwitabwaho kuri voltage ya kabili ihagaze (VSWR), mugihe amashanyarazi - yingufu zisaba amashanyarazi yambukiranya {{3} area agace kamwe hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumigozi ya RF rikomeje gutwara iterambere rya sisitemu yo hejuru ya -. Kuva mubumenyi bwibintu (nka nanocomposite insulation layer) kugeza kubintu bishya (nkibishushanyo mbonera bya coaxial), imipaka yimikorere yabo ihora isunikwa. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’itumanaho rya 6G, ikoranabuhanga rya terahertz, hamwe na kwant amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga, insinga za RF zizarushaho gutera imbere zigana ultra - umurongo mugari, ultra - igihombo gito, nubushobozi bwubwenge, biba ikiraro cyibanze gihuza isi n’umubiri.