Mu itumanaho rigezweho, icyogajuru, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birwanaho, hamwe n’inganda zikoresha inganda, ituze kandi yizewe yohereza ibimenyetso bya - byihuta byerekana ibimenyetso bya sisitemu. Nkibikoresho byogukwirakwiza byibanze bihuza - ibikoresho byinshyi (nka antene, amplifier, nibikoresho byipimisha), insinga za RF zisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu byinshi, harimo guhuza amashanyarazi, gutakaza insimburangingo, imbaraga za mashini, hamwe no guhuza ibidukikije, kubishushanya, guhitamo, no kubohereza. Iyi ngingo, itangirira kumahame ya tekiniki no guhuza ibintu bisanzwe bisabwa, isobanura muburyo bwogushushanya hamwe nibikorwa byingenzi byubwubatsi kubisubizo bya kabili ya RF.
I. Ibyingenzi bya tekinike Ibiranga imbogamizi ninsinga za RF
Igikorwa cyingenzi cyinsinga za RFI ni ugukwirakwiza neza - ibimenyetso byinshyi hejuru yumurongo mugari (mubisanzwe bitwikiriye amagana ya MHz kugeza kuri GHz mirongo) mugihe uhagarika ingufu ziva mukwivanga hanze. Ibiranga tekinike birashobora kuvunagurwa mubipimo byingenzi bikurikira:
1. Guhuza Ibiranga Impedance
Imikorere ya sisitemu ya RF iterwa cyane no guhuzagurika. Inzitizi zisanzwe zirimo 50Ω (zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gutumanaho) na 75Ω (zikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri videwo / TV). Niba impedance idahuye hagati ya kabili nububiko bwibikoresho (urugero, gutandukana kurenga ± 2Ω) bibaye, ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bizabaho, bikagaragaza nkubwiyongere bwikigereranyo cyumuvuduko uhagaze (VSWR), nacyo kigabanya imikorere yikwirakwizwa kandi gishobora kwangiza ibice - byanyuma.
2. Kugenzura igihombo
Iyo ibimenyetso byinshi - byanyuze mu nsinga, amplitude yerekana ibimenyetso byangirika cyane nintera bitewe ningaruka zuruhu rwumuyoboro, gutakaza polarisiyasi ya dielectric, no gutakaza imirasire. Igihombo cyo gushiramo (ibice: dB / m cyangwa dB / 100ft) nikintu cyingenzi mugupima neza insinga. Igishushanyo mbonera cya - gisaba guhitamo ibikoresho byayobora (nka ogisijeni - umuringa cyangwa ifeza yubusa), ibikoresho bya dielectric (nka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cyangwa ikirere - byuzuye), no kurinda ubusugire.
3. Kurinda Ingaruka no Kwivanga Kurwanya
Umugozi wa RF ukunze gukorera mubidukikije bikomeye bya electromagnetic (nkibiri hafi ya radar na sitasiyo fatizo). Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi yo hanze (nk'ibimenyetso by'itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa no gusohora amashanyarazi) birashobora guhuzwa mu mugozi, kandi ibimenyetso by'imbere bishobora kumurika no kubangamira ibikoresho biri hafi. Gukingira gukingira cyane (mubisanzwe Kurenza cyangwa kungana na 80dB) gushingira kumurongo wikingira - (nkumuringa wacuzwe mu muringa + aluminium foil igizwe) cyangwa igice cya - gishushanyo mbonera cya coaxial, mugihe gikomeza gukomera no kwizerwa.
4. Guhuza n'imashini n'ibidukikije
Mubikorwa nyabyo, insinga zirashobora guhura nibibazo nko kunama (urugero, guhuza imashini za robo), kunyeganyega (urugero, ibikoresho bya moteri yindege), ubushyuhe bukabije (degree- 55 dogere +200 dogere), hamwe no kwangirika kwimiti (urugero, gutera umunyu wo mu nyanja). Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo hanze (urugero, - birwanya ubushyuhe bwa polyimide, polyurethane idashobora kwihanganira) n'imbaraga zubaka (urugero, igishushanyo mbonera cy'intwaro) bigomba gutegurwa kubintu runaka.
II. Ingamba zo Gukemura Ibisubizo Kubisanzwe
1. Itumanaho shingiro ryitumanaho hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwikira
Sisitemu yo kugaburira antenne ya sisitemu isaba igihombo gito kandi cyizewe cyane kuri insinga za RF. Kuri 5G muremure - imirongo yumurongo (nkumuraba wa milimetero kuri 28 GHz), insinga gakondo - insinga zoroshye (hamwe no gutakaza hafi 0.5 dB / ft kuri 28 GHz) ntibikiri bihagije mugihe kirekire -. Ultra {9} Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro wa kabili (nka N - ubwoko na SMA) ugomba gukoresha zahabu - washyizweho kugirango ugabanye guhangana, kandi ibimenyetso bifata amazi (nkabafite igipimo cya IP68) bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hirindwe ikibazo cya okiside iterwa n’amazi y’imvura.
2. Ikirere cya elegitoroniki n’Ingabo
Mu ndege na satelite, insinga za RF zigomba icyarimwe kuzuza icyarimwe ibisabwa byoroheje (10% - 20% kugabanya ibiro birashobora kunoza imikorere yimitwaro), kwihanganira ibidukikije bikabije (nko gukomeza guhinduka mubushyuhe buke nka dogere - 60), kandi bikarwanya kwivanga kwa electromagnetique (EMP). Micro - insinga za coaxial (diameter yo hanze Ntirenze cyangwa ingana na 1.5mm, ibereye cabling ahantu hafunzwe) ikoreshwa. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric ikoreshwa mukuringaniza dielectric ihoraho hamwe nubushyuhe buhamye, kandi igikingi cyo gukingira ni inshuro ebyiri - ifeza yumuringa - yometseho umuringa mesh + aluminium foil igizwe (gukingira imbaraga Birenze cyangwa bingana na 90dB). Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byose bigomba kwemezwa kuri MIL-STD-202 (vibration / damp ubushyuhe bwo gupima) na MIL-STD-810 (ikizamini cyo guhungabana).
3. Sisitemu y'Ikizamini cya Laboratoire na Precision
Ikizamini cyo hejuru - inshuro nyinshi (nka vector net isesengura (VNA) kalibrasi) bisaba insinga zifite icyiciro gito cyane kandi gisubirwamo (mubisanzwe<0.05°/m @ 18GHz). Semi-flexible cables are preferred for their flexibility and low phase variation. They utilize a solid polyethylene (PE) dielectric (for stable dielectric constant) and a tightly braided shield (to minimize structural deformation during bending). Furthermore, specialized test-grade connectors (such as the 2.92mm series, which can withstand repeated insertion and removal without affecting VSWR) must be used in the test system, and regular calibration must be performed to compensate for loss drift introduced by cable aging.
III. Ibitekerezo byingenzi mugihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa umushinga
1. Guhitamo no Guhuza Amahame
Ubwoko bw'insinga bwatoranijwe bugomba gushingira kumurongo wikimenyetso (urugero, DC - 1 GHz, 1 - 18 GHz, cyangwa irenga), imbaraga zo kohereza (urugero, miliwatt - ibimenyetso byo gupima cyangwa kilowatt - urwego rwohereza) Semi-
2. Ibisobanuro byubushakashatsi
Iradiyo yunamye ntigomba kuba munsi yumubare muto ntarengwa (mubisanzwe 5 - inshuro 10 diameter yo hanze). Kutabikora birashobora gutera gucikamo ibice bya dielectric cyangwa kumeneka murwego rwo gukingira. Guhuza gusudira / guhuzagurika bigomba gukorwa nababigize umwuga (urugero, gukoresha umugozi wa torque kugirango ugenzure urumuri rukomera) kugirango wirinde guhuza cyangwa guhagarika bikabije bishobora kwangiza abayobora. Kumurongo muremure, birasabwa kongeramo ibimenyetso byongera ibimenyetso cyangwa kuringaniza mugihe gisanzwe (urugero, metero 10-15) kugirango bishyure igihombo.
3. Kubungabunga no gukurikirana
Gerageza buri gihe umugozi wa VSWR (agaciro kayo Kurenza cyangwa kangana na 1.2: 1), igihombo cyo kwinjiza (gutandukana nagaciro kambere Kutari munsi cyangwa kangana na 10%), hamwe no gukomeza ingabo (kurwanya munsi cyangwa bingana na 5 mΩ / m). Kuri sisitemu zikomeye, koresha uburyo bwo gukurikirana kumurongo (urugero, ukoresheje coefficient de reaction kugirango usuzume ubuzima bwumugozi mugihe nyacyo) kugirango uhite usimbuza gusaza cyangwa ibyangiritse kugirango wirinde kunanirwa na sisitemu.
Umwanzuro
Igishushanyo mbonera cya RFI gisaba guhuza byimazeyo ibitekerezo bya electromagnetiki, ibikoresho bya siyansi, hamwe nubuhanga bwubuhanga, kudoda guhuza inzitizi, kugenzura igihombo, hamwe ningamba zo kurwanya - ingamba zo kwivanga kubikenewe byihariye. Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryitumanaho rya 5G / 6G, interineti ya satelite, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryamakuru ya kwant, insinga za RF zizahinduka zerekeza kuri ultra - umurongo mugari (utwikiriye 0.1 - 100 GHz), ultra - igihombo gito (igihombo <0.01 dB / m @ 30 GHz), hamwe nubwenge (guhuza ibyumviro hamwe no kwifashisha ibimenyetso byihuta byo kwifashisha).